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19-1303; Rev 0; 10/97
KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier
____________________________Features
o Integrated LNA/Downconverter o 3.2dB Combined Receiver Noise Figure: 2.5dB (LNA) 9.1dB (mixer) o -12.5dBm Combined Receiver Input IP3: -9.5dBm (LNA) 4.5dBm (mixer) o LO Buffer o +2.7V to +5.5V Single-Supply Operation o 60mW Power Consumption o Low-Power Shutdown Mode
________________General Description
The MAX2406 low-noise amplifier (LNA)/downconverter mixer is designed for use over a wide range of frequencies and is optimized for communications systems operating at a frequency of 1.9GHz. Applications include PWT1900/DCT1900, DCS1800/PCS1900, PHS, and DECT. This device includes an LNA, a downconverter mixer, and a local-oscillator (LO) buffer in a lowcost, plastic surface-mount package. At 1.9GHz, the LNA has 2.5dB typical noise figure and a -9.5dBm input third-order intercept point (IP3). The downconverter mixer has a low 9.1dB noise figure and a 4.5dBm input IP3. Image and LO filtering are implemented off-chip for maximum flexibility. The MAX2406 has a differential IF port that can be used in a single-ended configuration by tying the unused side to VCC. The LO buffer can be driven differentially or in a single-ended configuration with only -10dBm of LO power. Power consumption is 60mW in receive mode, and typically drops to less than 1W in shutdown mode. For transceiver applications, the MAX2410 or MAX2411A both offer a transmitter along with a similar receiver.
MAX2406
______________Ordering Information
PART MAX2406EEP TEMP. RANGE -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 20 QSOP
________________________Applications
PWT1900/DCT1900 DCS1800/PCS1900 PHS/PACS DECT
________________Functional Diagram
LNAOUT RXMXIN
__________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
GND 1 LNAIN 2 20 GND 19 LNAOUT 18 GND 17 GND 16 RXMXIN 15 GND 14 IF 13 IF 12 GND
LNAIN
IF IF
GND 3 GND 4 VCC 5 RXEN 6
MAX2406
RXEN POWER MANAGEMENT
LO 7 LO 8 LO LO VCC 9 GND 10
MAX2406
QSOP
11 GND
Typical Application Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier MAX2406
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC to GND ................................................................-0.3V to 6V LNAIN Input Power ...........................................................15dBm LO, LO Input Power ..........................................................10dBm RXMXIN Input Power ........................................................10dBm RXEN Voltage to GND ................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) RXEN Current........................................................................5mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) QSOP (derate 9.1mW/C above +70C) ......................727mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Storage Temperature.........................................-65C to +165C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V, RXEN = 2V, LNAIN = RXMXIN = open, LNAOUT pulled up with 100 to VCC, IF and IF pulled up with 50 to VCC, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at TA = +25C and VCC = 3.0V, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Supply-Voltage Range RXEN Input Voltage High RXEN Input Voltage Low RXEN Input Bias Current Supply Current, Receive Mode Supply Current, Shutdown Mode RXEN = GND, VCC = 3.0V RXEN = 2.0V 0.1 20 0.1 CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 2.0 0.6 1.0 30 10 TYP MAX 5.5 UNITS V V V A mA A
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.0V, RXEN = VCC, LO = 1.5GHz, LNAIN = RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50 system, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER LNA Gain (Note 1) LNA Noise Figure LNA Input IP3 LNA Output 1dB Compression Mixer Conversion Gain (Note 1) Mixer Noise Figure Mixer Input IP3 Mixer Input 1dB Compression Mixer Output Frequency Receiver Turn-On Time Minimum LO Drive Level LO to LNAIN Leakage Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: (Notes 1 and 4) (Notes 1 and 5) (Note 6) RXEN = high or low 0.5 -17 -49 TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX Single sideband (Note 3) 7.4 6.2 9.1 4.5 -7 450 2.5 (Note 2) TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX CONDITIONS MIN 13.6 12.2 2.5 -9.5 -5.6 8.4 9.0 10.2 TYP 16 MAX 17.6 18.8 UNITS dB dB dBm dBm dB dB dBm dBm MHz s dBm dBm
Guaranteed by design and characterization. 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz tones at -30dBm per tone. 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz tones at -21.5dBm per tone. Mixer operation is guaranteed to this frequency. For optimum gain, adjust IF output match. See the IF Output Impedance (single ended) vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Note 5: Time from RXEN = low to RXEN = high, until the combined receive gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on LNAIN and LNAOUT. Note 6: At this LO drive level, the mixer conversion gain is typically 1dB lower than with -10dBm LO drive. 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.3V, RXEN = VCC, LO = 1.5GHz, LNAIN = RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50 system, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2406-01 MAX2406-02
MAX2406
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
25 VCC = 3.0V SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 20 VCC = 2.7V 15 VCC = 5.5V 2.0 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT ( A)
LNA INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2406-03A
120 100 REAL IMPEDANCE () 80 60 40 20 0 REAL MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN IMAGINARY
40 0 -40 -80 -120 -160 -200 3000
1.5
1.0
VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4V
10
0.5
VCC = 3V VCC = 2.7V
5 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
FREQUENCY (MHz)
LNA OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
300 250 REAL IMPEDANCE () 200 150 100 50 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 FREQUENCY (MHz) REAL IMAGINARY MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN
MAX2406-03B
LNA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2406-04
LNA GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2406-05
0 -20 -40 -60 -80
25 WITH 1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT INPUT
22 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4V GAIN (dB)
IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
20
20
GAIN (dB)
15 WITHOUT 1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT INPUT
18
10
16 VCC = 3V VCC = 2.7V
-100 -120 3000
5
14
0 800 1240 1680 2120 2560 3000 FREQUENCY (MHz)
12 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
LNA INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2406-06
LNA OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2406-07
LNA NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
4.5 4.0
MAX2406-09
-7 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 3.0V -9
0 OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm)
5.0
-8 INPUT IP3 (dBm)
-2 VCC = 5.5V -4 VCC = 3.0V -6 VCC = 2.7V NOISE FIGURE (dB)
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
-10 VCC = 2.7V -11
-8
-12 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
-10 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
0.0 100 480 860 1240 1620 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier MAX2406
____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.3V, RXEN = VCC, LO = 1.5GHz, LNAIN = RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50 system, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
RX MIXER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
300 250 REAL IMPEDANCE () 200 150 100 REAL 50 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 FREQUENCY (MHz) -300 -350 3000 MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN IMAGINARY
MAX2406-10
MIXER GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2406-11
MIXER GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V VCC = 2.7V, 3.0V
MAX2406-12
-50 -100 -150 -200 -250
20 15 10 GAIN (dB) 5
IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
900MHz NARROW- 2.4GHz BAND NARROWMATCH BAND MATCH
15
GAIN (dB)
3GHz NARROWBAND MATCH
13
11
1.9GHz EV KIT MATCH 0 -5 -10 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 FREQUENCY (GHz)
9
7
5 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
MIXER INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2406-13
MIXER GAIN vs. LO POWER
MAX2406-14
MIXER NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER
VCC = 3.0V 13 NOISE FIGURE (dB)
MAX2406-15
7
10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 GAIN (dB) 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 VCC = 3.0V
15
6 INPUT IP3 (dBm)
VCC = 5.5V
11
5
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V
9
4
7
3 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
5.0 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 LO POWER (dBm)
5 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 0 LO POWER (dBm)
LNA AND MIXER NOISE FIGURE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2406-16
LO PORT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY
MEASURED ON EV KIT WITH 220pF SERIES C AT LO PORT
MAX2406-17
IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (SINGLE ENDED) vs. FREQUENCY
700 600 REAL IMPEDANCE () 500 IMAGINARY 400 300 200 100 0 REAL 0 200 400 600 800 MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 1000
MAX2406-18
10 9 8 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 LNA MIXER
0 5 RETURN LOSS (dB) 10 15 20 25 30
0 -100 -200 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
IF TIED TO VCC
5.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 20 2 NAME GND FUNCTION Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to the LNA. At 1.9GHz, LNAIN can be easily matched to 50 with one external shunt 1pF capacitor. AC couple to this pin. See the LNA Input Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Supply Voltage (+2.7V to +5.5V). Bypass VCC to GND at each pin with a 47pF capacitor as close to each pin as possible. Enable Control Input, active high. Logic high activates all part functions. A logic low places the device in shutdown mode. 50 Local-Oscillator Input Port. AC couple to this pin. 50 Inverting Local-Oscillator Input Port. For single-ended LO operation, connect LO directly to GND. If a differential LO signal is available, AC couple the inverted LO signal to this pin. Noninverting Side of Downconverter's Differential Open-Collector IF Output. Pull IF up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance. Alternatively, a resistor can be placed in parallel to set a terminating impedance. Inverting Side of Downconverter's Differential Open-Collector IF Output. Follow recommendations for IF output above. If single-ended operation is desired, connect IF directly to VCC. RF Input of Downconverter Mixer. AC couple to this pin. A matching network may be required to match RXMXIN to an external filter. Consult the Rx Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. LNA Output Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. Downconverter Mixer Input Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. LNA Output. This output typically provides a VSWR of better than 2:1 at frequencies from 1.8GHz to 2.5GHz with no external matching components. At other frequencies, a matching network may be required to match this pin to an external filter. Consult the LNA Output Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics.
MAX2406
LNAIN
5, 9 6 7 8
VCC RXEN LO LO
13
IF
14
IF
16 17 18
RXMXIN GND GND
19
LNAOUT
_______________Detailed Description
The following sections describe each of the blocks in the MAX2406 Functional Diagram. The MAX2406 consists of four major components: a lownoise amplifier (LNA), a downconverter mixer, a localoscillator (LO) buffer, and a power-management block.
of better than 2:1 at the input and output. As with every LNA, the input match can be traded off for better noise figure.
Receive Mixer
The receive mixer is a wideband, double-balanced design with excellent noise figure and linearity.
Low-Noise Amplifier
The LNA is a wideband, single-ended cascode amplifier that can be used over a wide range of frequencies. Refer to the LNA Gain vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Its port impedances are optimized for operation around 1.9GHz, requiring only a 1pF shunt capacitor at the LNA input for a VSWR
RF Inputs
The RXMXIN input is typically connected to the LNA output through an off-chip filter providing enhanced flexibility. This input is externally matched to 50. See Figure 1 for an example matching network for 1.9GHz, and the Rx Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics.
5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier MAX2406
LO Inputs
The LO and LO pins are internally terminated with 50 resistors. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of LO Port Return Loss vs. Frequency. AC couple the local-oscillator signal to these pins. If a singleended LO source is used, connect LO to ground.
Power-Down Control
Pulling RXEN low places the MAX2406 in shutdown mode. Power-down is guaranteed with a control voltage at or below 0.6V. The device exits shutdown in 0.5s typical.
__________Applications Information
Extended Frequency Range
The MAX2406 has been characterized at 1.9GHz for use in PCS applications; however, it operates over a much wider frequency range. The LNA gain and noise figure, as well as receive mixer conversion gain, are plotted over a wide frequency range in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating the device at frequencies other than those specified in the specification table, it may be necessary to design or alter the matching networks on LNAIN, RXMIXIN, IF, and (if used) IF. In some cases, the internal broadband output match on LNAOUT may have to be supplemented by an external matching circuit. The Typical Operating Characteristics provide port-impedance data vs. frequency for use in designing a matching network. The
IF Output Port
The receive mixer output appears on the differential IF and IF pins. These open-collector outputs each require an external inductor to VCC for DC biasing. This port typically requires a matching network for coupling to an external IF filter. For single-ended operation, connect the unused side (typically IF) to VCC, and decouple it to ground with a 1000pF capacitor. Figure 1 shows examples of single-ended and differential IF port connections. Refer to the IF and IF Output Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. At lower IF frequencies, a shunt resistor across the pull-up inductor (in single-ended applications) or across IF and IF (in differential applications) can be used to set the IF impedance.
VCC 47pF 5 VCC LNAIN
VCC 47pF 9 VCC LNAOUT
220pF 220pF 7 LO INPUT DIFFERENTIAL 220pF DIFFERENTIAL LO OPERATION RECEIVE MIXER INPUT 8 LO LO RECEIVER ENABLE LO INPUT (SINGLE-ENDED) 220pF LNA INPUT *1pF 6 7 220pF 8 4.7nH 1pF 16 LO 2
220pF 19 VCC LNA OUTPUT
MAX2406
RXEN R* LO IF 13 VCC 14 1000pF IF LCHOKE MATCH
1000pF
1000pF
IF OUTPUT (SINGLE-ENDED)
RXMXIN GND 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20
IF
14
1000pF LCHOKE MATCH R* LCHOKE 1000pF IF 13 VCC 1000pF IF OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL
*OPTIONAL
DIFFERENTIAL IF OPERATION
Figure 1. MAX2406 Typical Operating Circuit
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier
____________________________________Typical Application Functional Diagram
RF BPF VCC VCC
MAX2406
LNAOUT RF BPF LNAIN LNA IF LO BUFFER RX MIXER IF BPF IF MATCH IF OUT
MAX2406
BIAS CONTROL
RXEN
LO SOURCE
LO port is internally terminated to 50 and provides a good match (a VSWR of approximately 1.2:1 to 2GHz, and a VSWR of approximately 2:1 to 3GHz).
Layout
A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any RF/microwave circuit. Be sure to use controlled impedance lines on all high-frequency inputs and outputs, use low-inductance connections to ground on all GND pins, and place decoupling capacitors close to all VCC connections.
For the power supplies, a star topology works well. Each VCC node in the circuit has its own path to a central VCC and a decoupling capacitor that provides low impedance at the RF frequency of interest. The central VCC node has a large decoupling capacitor as well. This provides good isolation between the different sections of the MAX2406. The MAX2406 EV kit layout can be used as a guide to integrating the MAX2406 into your design.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier MAX2406
________________________________________________________Package Information
QSOP.EPS
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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